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Breakfast
is the first meal
of the day, usually consumed in the morning. The word
is a compound
of "break" and "fast",
referring to the conclusion of fasting since the previous
day's last meal. Breakfast meals vary widely in different
cultures around the world, but often include a carbohydrate
such as cereal or rice, fruit and/or vegetable, protein,
sometimes dairy, and beverage.
Nutritional
experts have referred to breakfast as the most important
meal of the day, citing studies that find that people
who skip breakfast are disproportionately likely to
have problems with concentration, metabolism, and weight.
United
States and Canada
Traditional
Traditional
breakfasts in the United
States and Canada
derive from the full
English breakfast and other European breakfast traditions[citation
needed] and feature predominantly sweet
or mild-flavored foods, mostly hot. Typical items include
hot oatmeal
porridge, grits
(in the South), other hot grain,
porridges,
egg
sausage or small link sausages,
pan-fried potatoes
(hash browns), biscuits,
toast, pancakes,
waffles, bagels,
French
toast, English
muffins, pastries
(such as croissants,
doughnuts,
and muffins),
and fresh or stewed fruits
of various types (stone, citrus,
etc.). Steak
may be served with eggs on the traditional menu. Cold
cereal has become nearly ubiquitous in recent decades,
and yogurt
is widely popular. Coffee, tea, milk and fruit juices
are standard breakfast beverages.
Grits
are usually part of a Southern breakfast in the
United States
Many
regions of the U.S.A. have local breakfast specialties
that are less popular nationally. In the South, homemade
biscuits served with country-style
gravy (also called sawmill gravy), country ham and
red
eye gravy and grits
are one traditional breakfast menu; the Southwest has
huevos
rancheros and spicy breakfast burritos;
scrapple
is a favorite in the Mid-Atlantic states; Salmon bagels
are popular in the Northwest and pork
roll is rarely available outside New
Jersey and Philadelphia;
and New Englanders still occasionally indulge in fried
salt-pork, and
pie. Fried eggs
with bacon or sausage and American cheese on a seeded
kaiser roll is a popular breakfast sandwich in parts
of New York.
Many Soul
food breakfast menus across the country include
fried chicken
wings, catfish,
pork chops and
salmon croquettes
[2].
Specialty items also vary in popularity regionally,
such as linguiça
sausage and Spam
in Hawaii, crab
cakes in southern New England and the Mid-Atlantic regions,
andouille
sausage, chicory
coffee, Chisesi
ham and beignets
in Louisiana, chorizo
in the Southwest, lox
and smoked salmon
in the Northwest, goetta
in Greater Cincinnati.
American
breakfast customs derive from those of rural England
in the 18th century, and some divergences probably reflect
changes in the latter since that time. For example,
modern English hot breakfasts not uncommonly include
lightly fried tomato slices or a sauteed whole mushroom,
but neither are found in the U.S. Breakfast kippers
are also uncommon in the U.S. On the other hand, the
steak-and-eggs breakfast is rare in England and probably
a recent American import. English muffins (not to be
confused with the British crumpet)
are commonly eaten as a breakfast food in the United
States.
Some
regions of Canada especially Quebec,
New
Brunswick and parts of eastern Ontario
will commonly include maple
syrup with crêpes,
French toast, pancakes, or waffles.
Hotels
now often serve breakfast buffets
for a fixed price, or offer sweet rolls, cereal, and
coffee as a free "continental" breakfast. Traditionally,
hotel breakfasts were made to order at a restaurant
or by room service. Omelettes made to order are also
an option.
Contemporary
Scrambled
eggs and pre-made pastries
Today,
most Americans and Canadians eat a reduced breakfast
most days, but may still enjoy a traditional hearty
breakfast on weekends, holidays, and vacations. Having
only coffee or skipping breakfast entirely is also common.
Eating out for breakfast or brunch
is common on weekends and holidays.
Eggs
are strongly associated with breakfast, to the extent
that many Americans and Canadians consider egg dishes
out of place later in the day.
Waffles
with fruit and sausage patties are a contemporary
hearty breakfast, and would likely be enjoyed on
a weekend or special occasion.
A
typical contemporary combination of food for a hearty
breakfast consists of eggs (fried or scrambled), one
type of meat, and one or two starchy dishes; commonly
hash browns and toast. A more basic breakfast combination
would be a starchy food (such as toast, pastry, breakfast
cereal, oatmeal,
pancakes, or waffles) either alone or served with fruit
and yogurt. This second option, similar to the continental
breakfasts served in Europe, is especially common in
institutional situations where serving hot food is difficult,
expensive, or impractical.
Restaurants
that serve breakfast typically base their menus around
egg dishes and pork meats such as sausage, ham and bacon.
Pancakes and waffles are also popular. An assemblage
commonly known as a country breakfast in restaurants
consists of eggs or omelette, sausage or bacon, hash
browns, sausage gravy, coffee, biscuits or toast with
jam or jelly, and fruit juice.
A
typical breakfast for those that eat ordinary breakfast
as a home meal is instant oatmeal or a cold breakfast
cereal with milk. Leftovers from the previous day's
meals may also be eaten, such as cold pizza.
Breakfasts
influenced by recent dietary advice are gaining in popularity
in some parts of the country, such as California, featuring
yogurt, whole-grain cereal, fresh fruit or egg-white
omelets.
Coffee
is the most common breakfast beverage. In the United
States, 65% of coffee drunk during the day is with breakfast.
Also common are tea, milk, hot chocolate, orange juice,
and other fruit
juices (grapefruit,
tomato, etc).
Occasionally, caffeinated
carbonated
beverages may be substituted for the more traditional
coffee or tea. Espresso drinks such as cappuccino and
latte have become increasingly popular since the 1990s.
In Washington State and British Columbia, the cappuccino
and latte are the default way of buying coffee for breakfast.
The
modern options typical of the U.S.A. and Canada are
representative of Western-style breakfasts that have
become common worldwide, especially in industrialized
nations.
Breakfast
foods are thought to be typically eaten during morning
hours, these foods are distinct from other foods even
if eaten outside of the morning. In this sense, some
serve breakfast for supper.
There are several fast food and casual dining chains
in North America, such as IHOP
and Denny's,
that specialize in hearty breakfast-style foods, such
as pancakes and country breakfasts, and offer them all
day. Like greasy
spoons in the UK, American coffeeshops
and diners typically
serve breakfast foods all day.
Quick/commuter's
breakfast
A
worker's breakfast often consists only of coffee and
prepared food purchased on the way to work or brought
from home, eaten during the morning commute
or at the workplace just before clocking in. Food items
that fit this eat-on-the-go strategy include various
sweet breakfast breads and pastries, bagels
(often with cream
cheese), sweetened flavored yogurt
cups, smoothies
and milkshakes,
fresh fruit, granola,
muesli or other quick "energy" bars, toaster
pastries, and fast food. Many fast
food restaurants sell breakfast versions of their
typical offerings that include eggs and are usually
sweeter and less spicy. Examples of such breakfasts-to-go
are: egg-filled sandwiches
on croissants, biscuits or muffins, and breakfast burritos
filled with eggs, cheese and sometimes sausage.
Drinks
As
the preceding regional descriptions show, beverage choices
at breakfast are fairly uniform worldwide, comprising
- Fruit
juices (orange
juice is the most popular),
- Milk
(hot, cold, possibly cultured), milk analogue or hot
soya bean milk in Vietnam and China,
- Hot
caffeinated and decaffeinated beverages (tea, coffee,
and chocolate).
Cultures
around the world commonly shun or restrict alcoholic
beverages at breakfast. (Alcohol is a depressant
and a psychoactive
drug, and so its effects might not be desired during
working hours.) Notable exceptions would be the mimosa
cocktail: champagne
and orange juice (known as Buck's Fizz in the UK);
Bloody
Mary cocktail: vodka
and spiced tomato juice; and liqueur
coffee: a coffee brew with a 25 ml (1 imp
fl oz; 1 US fl oz) shot of liqueur,
which generally has a lower alcohol content than spirits
(around 15 to 30%). Still, a mimosa is normally served
at brunch,
and rarely consumed before 10 am. Another notable
exception is the Champagne
breakfast, a full western breakfast accompanied
by sparkling white wine; usually saved for special occasions.
History
Breakfast
has commonly been practiced worldwide and is a concept
easily transferred between cultures, but there have
been many regional interpretations over the years. In
Medieval Europe, for instance, the basic format of meals
differed from what is currently 'standard', in that
only two meals were to be had; a heavy dinner at noon
and a light supper, largely due to the influence of
the Church.
However,
exceptions existed, most notably for children and the
infirm. They were allowed a small breakfast meal, and
many labourers, farmers, and other physical workers
also took the meal despite criticism and social pressure
on them not to, and by the 15th century even the nobility
had begun to ignore the rules and mores of polite society
and took breakfast.
The
earliest[citation
needed] appearance in print of the idea
that "breakfast is the most important meal of the day"
occurs in the novella Metamorphosis, published
in 1915 by Franz Kafka, which includes the line, "for
Gregor's father, breakfast was the most important meal
of the day".
Restaurants
Some
restaurants
devote themselves to breakfast or have special breakfast
menus. The field is dominated on one hand by greasy
spoons, diners,
cafés, cafeterias,
and fast
food places, and by hotels.
However, some breakfast places resemble standard restaurants
in procedure, selection, and price.
Special
occasions
The
serving of a pancake breakfast is traditional on Pancake
Day (Shrove
Tuesday), and some celebrate a festive breakfast
on Christmas
morning.
United
Kingdom and Ireland
Main
article: Full
breakfast
Traditionally,
people in the United
Kingdom and Ireland
have enjoyed a substantial hot meal for breakfast, featuring
eggs,
bacon, and sausages,
accompanied by toast
and tea or coffee.
These items are sometimes eaten separately on morning
rolls. In Britain, this was traditionally known as an
English breakfast, but many Welsh and Scottish increasingly
refer to English breakfasts as Welsh or Scottish breakfasts,
which can be confusing for tourists. Many other items
(for example kedgeree,
grilled or fried tomatoes,
black
pudding or white
pudding, baked
beans, fried sliced bread, various types of fried
potatoes and mushrooms)
may be included, depending on taste and location. Today,
this dish remains popular, but is not usually served
at breakfast time during the week. Many people instead
reserve the full cooked breakfast for weekends, or go
to a café
or pub
for it at the weekend. A full breakfast is also a meal
available any time at many cafés and greasy
spoons. It is also served at hotels, where it can
be quite substantial in size and variety. The author
Somerset
Maugham once quipped "the only way to eat well in
England is to have breakfast three times a day." This
is sometimes quoted as the origin of the term, and indeed
meal, all-day breakfast.[citation
needed]
Another
popular breakfast food in England
is the kipper,
a type of salted, smoked herring
that is then grilled or fried, though in England at
least, usually steamed.
This
traditional cooked breakfast has largely been replaced
by simple, light foods mainly eaten cold: fruit, yogurt,
packaged cereal with cold milk, and toast with a variety
of spreads such as butter, jam, marmalade, lemon
curd, Marmite,
or peanut butter. Boiled
eggs with soldiers
are also a popular breakfast meal in the UK, although
like the full English breakfast, they are mainly eaten
at the weekend. Porridge is a traditional breakfast
in Scotland as well as the rest of Britain in the winter
months. In most British hotels, this breakfast is included
in the room rate.[citation
needed]
In
Scotland traditional dishes include porridge, potato
scones, and black pudding. Potato scones are descended
from Ireland and consist of mashed potato mixed with
flour to create a type of scone. Black pudding is made
from animal meat and blood.
Latin America
Latin
American breakfasts feature many items seen in North
American and continental European breakfasts in regional
variations, according to their own culture.
In
northern South
America, maize-based
breads, such as tortillas
or arepas,
may dominate or be augmented with wheat
breads or pastries. Caffè, caffè e latte,
chocolate,
and tea are common beverages.
Argentina
In
Argentina
and Uruguay,
breakfast consists mainly of espresso
coffee, café con leche, or yerba
mate. There are also croissants, brioches, or
facturas with dulce
de leche, filled churros,
French bread with jam and butter, grilled sandwiches
of ham and cheese known as tostados, and sweet
cookies or crackers.
Brazil
Brazilians
use the term café-da-manhã (morning coffee) or,
less often, desjejum (des-, un + jejum,
fast, fasting) to refer to breakfast. Morning meals
are different in the various regions of Brazil.
Black coffee, cow milk, yogurt and white cheese are
quite popular, and so are fruit juices (especially orange,
guava, mango,
cashew and
passion
fruit). The coffee or juice accompanies french bread
or sliced bread with jam or butter, grilled sandwiches
of ham and cheese called misto-quente, slices
of cake such as corn cake, orange cake and carrot
cake. As for children, the most popular are sweet
cookies or crackers with jam, toasts with fruit compote
called tostadinha or torrada com geléia/compota
accompanying chocolate
milk or hot
chocolate,"mingau", a hot porridge made with cow's
milk, corn starch, sugar and vanilla with cinnamon sprinkled
on top, as well as cornflakes
or sucrilhos (frosted
flakes) with milk. In the Southern States, adults
use to drink a steaming yerba mate infusion in a typical
gourd, called chimarrão.
The cold version is called tereré.
Chile
In
Chile, breakfast
is a light meal consisting of milk, coffee or tea, juice
(typically orange), and two types of bread: marraqueta
and hallulla, or toasts. They are accompanied
with marmalade, manjar (dulce de leche),
butter, cheese, ham, margerine, eggs, avocado, cream
or jelly.
Costa Rica
In
Costa
Rica breakfast is traditionally Gallo Pinto which
is black beans and rice. Some people may add natilla
(sour cream),Salsa Lizano (a sauce commonly used
in Costa Rican cuisine) and a corn tortilla. Black coffee
or coffee with milk are the preferred beverages, although
orange juice is also common. Another traditional drink
is "Aguadulce", made from sugar cane syrup which is
warmed up in water or milk. Usually breakfasts are complimented
with things like avocado, fried ripe plantain, ham or
some type of cold meat like sausages or salchichón,
cheese, bread, eggs, etc.
Colombia
In
Colombia
there are various breakfast staples. In the Cundinamarca
region people eat changua:
a soup of milk, scallions,
and cheese. In the Tolima
region, a tamal tolimense is eaten in the company
of hot chocolate and arepas.
Tamales tolimenses are made with rice, dry legumes,
beef, chicken and pork, egg, potato, and seasonings,
covered with a maize dough, cooked while wrapped in
a banana leaf. In Antioquia
the usual fare includes arepa
(arepa antioqueña, a typically home-made corn bread),
with either cheese, fried eggs, or fried meat as well
as hot chocolate as drink.
Cuba
Breakfast
in urban areas traditionally consisted of café
con leche that was sweetened and included a pinch
of salt. Toasted buttered Cuban
bread, cut into lengths, was dunked in the coffee.
In rural Cuba, farmers ate roasted pork, beans and white
rice, café con leche and cuajada
sweetened with caramel.
Dominican
Republic
In
Dominican
Republic the main dish for breakfast is called mangu
(mashing boiled plantains).
It is prepared with ground plantain
mixed with butter
and is usually eaten with salami,
fried cheese,
eggs
(fried eggs or scrambled eggs). This dish is usually
accompanied by cafe
con leche, hot
chocolate, or juice. Another main breakfast dish
is the sandwich,
prepared with cheese, ham, salami, or scrambled eggs.
This is often accompanied with coffee, hot chocolate
or juice. To make this particular sandwich the Dominican
people use a bread called pan de agua (water
bread—a simple bread made with water, flour, yeast,
and salt). Other kinds of bread are also used to make
this simple meal.
Ecuador
In
Ecuador
breakfast depends on the region it is served. Along
the Pacific Coast (litoral),
breakfast mainly consists of strong black coffee brewed
in a special little aluminium pot (café de olla),
fried plantain
and white hard cheese made locally. It can include also
an omelette and fresh fruit juices. In the highlands
(Sierra),
breakfast may include some black coffee or herbal teas
(infusiones) with some fresh bread rolls, scrambled
eggs and even a kind of corn called mote.
Guatemala
In
Guatemala
they eat scrambled eggs with frijoles (beans)
and tortillas with some chesse, fried banana and sometimes
chirmol (tomato sauce with condiments).
Mexico
In
the past, when Mexico's
population was predominantly rural and agricultural,
breakfast tradition included a light desayuno
of hot beverages and breads at dawn and a heavier almuerzo
mid-morning, with egg dishes such as huevos
rancheros,chilaquiles, meats, beans, tortillas,
pastries, and fruits. Commercial cereals are widely
spread now, and consumed in the belief of nutrition
factors, regarding of it being a product of marketing.
Today, almuerzo generally means "lunch," and
the Mexican breakfast may be the lighter or heavier
version, depending on the person or occasion. Menudo,
a tripe stew
considered a folk remedy for a hangover,
has become a breakfast dish as well as one eaten at
other meals.
As
in other countries, breakfast in Mexico differs according
to the region. In the north it is usual to eat salchicha
con huevo (scrambled eggs with hot dog) or machaca
con huevo (scrambled eggs with beef jerky, in some
places also called machacado), these with wheat tortillas.
In the central and southern regions of the country,
corn tortillas are used. Most breakfast dishes in the
state of Veracruz are called antojitos (this
word can be used for other meals, which consist of pastries
made with corn flour) and are very fatty. The most common
ones are picadas (or pellizcadas, a tortilla
with a sauce, onion and fresh cheese topping) and "empanadas"
(tortillas filled with an ingredient like cheese, chicken
or huitlacoche); in the northwest birria
(beef or goat stew) and barbacoa
(steamed beef or lamb) are also very popular.
Perú
In
Lima and other
coastal cities of Peru,
daily breakfast is a fast and simple meal: sourdough
bread with jam, butter, ham or a little bit of cheese
on it and sometimes scrambled or fried eggs on it, served
with a cup of coffee, tea or oatmeal.
Kids
in school age use to have milk (plain or with cocoa
powder) or thick oatmeal
served on a bowl (with milk, coffee or cocoa powder)
or a lighter oatmeal prepared with apple,
quince, quinoa
or kiwicha.
In
working-class areas of Lima city, emoliente is a common
breakfast, which consists on boiled barley with linseed,
alfalfa, boldo,
horsetail,
key lime juice and an infusion
of assorted herbs or boiled quinoa, served with wheat
bread or sourdough bread with fresh farmhouse cheese
or fried eggs.
Sunday
breakfasts are much bigger; They consist of tamales
or a pan con chicharrón.
Other
common sunday breakfasts are the salchicha huachana
scrambled with eggs and served with bread, the lomo
saltado , humitas with cheese
on it, boiled choclo (corn) and a lot more dishes.
During
Sunday breakfast in Arequipa (in the south of the country),
they eat a dish known as abodo de chancho .
In
the central mountain range area, it is typical to have
breakfast very early in the morning, when they eat thick
soups made out of mote (hominy)
and some meat (e.g. tripe,
chicken, sheep, etc.). It is also common in the andean
area to have potatoes, hominy and boiled broad
beans as a breakfast.
Middle East
Egypt
In
Egypt the traditional
breakfast is ful
medames: slow cooked fava
beans (sometimes with lentils)
dressed in olive oil, lemon
juice and garlic.
Iran
In
Iran, varieties of Iranian flatbreads
(naan), Iranian feta cheese (panir-e
irani) or Persian feta cheese, butter (kareh),
a variety of traditional marmalades (morabba)
or jams, honey (angebin or asal), cream
(sar sheer ) and hot tea are essential breakfast
foods. Other foods, such as heavy cream, walnuts, hard
and soft boiled eggs, and omelettes are also popular
for breakfast. Traditionally, a choice of butter and
cheese, butter and marmalade, heavy cream and honey,
butter and honey, or cheese and walnuts are rubbed on
fresh bread and folded into bite-sized sandwiches and
are to be consumed with hot tea. The tea is preferably
sweetened with sugar. Another breakfast food, which
is usually consumed between the hours of three to five
in the morning, in winter, is called halim. Halim
is a combination of wheat, cinnamon, butter and sugar
cooked with either shredded turkey/chicken or shredded
lamb in huge pots. It is served hot and cold, but preferably
hot. Almost everywhere in the country, especially in
colder regions, a lamb head stew (kale pache)
is consumed, usually on the early hours of weekend (Friday
mornings).
Israel
An
Israeli breakfast
typically consists of coffee, orange juice, fresh vegetables
salad, goats/cows cream cheese, fresh bread or toast,
olives, butter, fried eggs of your choice, and some
small cookies or slices of cake. For an even fuller
breakfast it might include hard-boiled eggs, cottage
cheese, quark
cheese, and Israeli
salad. Another type of breakfast would be fried
dough, malawach served with sweet fruits
or something spicier. Hotels with continental
breakfasts, in addition to the aforementioned items,
will usually serve many different kinds of fish and
yogurts, as well as a dish of egg and spicy tomatoes
known as shakshuka.
Lebanon
In
Lebanon, there are several types
of breakfast, including include labneh,
mankoucheh, lahm bi ajin, kichek,
and knefeh.
Mashriq
In
the Mashriq,
breakfast varies greatly according to taste, but a typical
breakfast consists of tea or instant coffee, juice,
a morning salad (cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, mint and
olive oil), pita
bread dipped in rich labneh,
a type of yogurt,
or in olive oil and za'atar.
Hummus, ful
medames and falafel
are more common on the weekends. Other breakfast items
include a variety of olives,
cheeses,
especially goat
cheese, variety of vegetables,
cereals, jams and pastries.
In
most Arab areas, the most popular breakfast by far is
pita bread dipped
in rich labneh,
a type of yogurt,
or in olive oil and za'atar
(a common Middle-Eastern spice mix). Other popular breakfast
foods in the Mashriq
include boiled eggs, olives, cheese and fava
beans.
Africa
The
African food in general differs from the world food
in many terms. Although the meals vary by region, the
fruit plays significant part in an African breakfast,
and meals in general.
As mentioned before, breakfast in Africa varies greatly
from region to region. Neighboring cultures exude a
great influence in Northern Africa while South African
breakfasts have become defined by European and American
settlers.
- Ghana.
The typical breakfast includes omelets;
a very sweet and dense bread
known as sugar bread; and tea.
Porridge is occasionally eaten at home, while many
people purchase their breakfasts from street vendors.
A porridge called Tom Brown (a light brown porridge
made from roasted maize flour) is also eaten for breakfast.
- Senegal.
Breakfast typically includes freeze-dried coffee,
typically Nescafé,
with dried milk and abundant sugar, accompanied by
baguette
with various spreads: Chocoleca, a Nutella
equivalent made from peanuts;
butter; or processed mild cheese. Fresh fruit, including
mangoes and
bananas, are often also part of a simple breakfast.
- Uganda.
Breakfasts vary by region. People often have a cup
of tea with a variety of either warm or cold foods.
In central Uganda, tea is prepared with milk and ginger,
and it is served with a warm meal known locally as
katogo. This is a combination of green cooking
bananas
(matooke) mixed either in a stew from beef
or in sauce from vegetables such as beans. In some
parts of northern Uganda, breakfast would consist
of tea and boiled cassava.
Nigeria
Nigeria
is the most populous country in Africa and hosts over
250 different ethnic groups, with related variety of
cuisines.
With
the south western Yoruba people (Ilé Yorùbá) one of
the most common breakfasts is (ounje. áro.) is
Ògì— a porridge made from corn, usually served
with evaporated milk.
Ògì is eaten with Acarajé
(akara) or Moi
moi. Both are made from ground bean paste; akara
is fried in oil, and moi moi is wrapped in leaves or
foil and then steamed. Ògì can also be steamed in leaves
to harden it and eaten with akara or moi moi for breakfast.
English
tea or malta
is served as a breakfast drink. Another popular option
in southwest Nigeria is garri,
which is eaten like a cereal. Garri, known in
Brazil as farofa,
is made from the root of cassava.
For breakfast, it is soaked in water and sweetened with
sugar.
In
contemporary times, a local meal called waakye
(rice cooked in beans) is very common. People prefer
to buy waakye from street vendors just as they
do other small meals. It is normally eaten before work
begins in offices.
Asia
The
breakfast in Asia is very connected with the Asian lifestyle,
as all other meals. Unlike the African breakfast, a
typical Asian breakfast shares far less similarities
with the European and American breakfast.
Rice is infallible part of an Asian breakfast in most
areas in Asia, however stuff like fermented cabbage
also have big role in an Asian breakfast.
- Afghanistan.
A typical breakfast would be omelette or boiled eggs,
cake or biscuits, buttered toast, rice with koft'a
(meat) or sabzi (vagetable). Drinks include
black tea, or qaimaaq chai (green
tea with milk and rose essence or cardamom
seeds).
- Cambodia.
In Cambodia,
rice congee (babaw) is widely eaten for breakfast.
Plain congee is typically eaten with salted eggs,
pickled vegetables, or dried fish. Chicken congee,
pig's blood congee, and seafood congee are also commonly
eaten. Cambodians also enjoy rice served with sliced
pork or chicken with pickled vegetables or a noodle
dish (usually a noodle soup called khtieau).
Caw (a pork or fish soup dish made with caramelized
sugar) is also eaten with congee or rice for breakfast.
- Korea.
In South
Korea, breakfast contains rice,
soup, several kinds of namul
or seasoned vegetables, kimchi
(fermented, pickled vegetables), and grilled meat
or fish. Traditionally, food eaten in the morning
does not differ substantially from the other meals
of the day (see Korean
cuisine), though the number of dishes is fewer.
Today, however, people are more likely to eat Western-style
breakfasts similar to those in the United States.
- Laos.
In Laos, it
is customary to eat soup
for breakfast, as well as congee.
- Nepal.
Breakfast contains bread,
soup, vegetables,
and chappati
called puri tarkari. Tea
and milk
are part of the daily breakfast routine, along with
satu
(powder of corn) or chiura
(beaten rice) etc. Dal, bhat and tarkari
are the famous staple foods of Nepal.
- Hong
Kong.Traditional Chinese breakfasts in Hong Kong
follow those in Canton.
Also found are local interpretations of English breakfast
and eastern Chinese breakfast fare. The long periods
of British
colonial rule and the influx of many refugees
from Jiangsu
and Zhejiang
provinces and Shanghai
around the end of the Chinese
Civil War changed eating habits. In Hong Kong,
cha
chaan teng breakfasts might consist of Hong
Kong-style milk tea, coffee, or yuen
yeung, served with bread, ham, and fried eggs,
and a bowl of macaroni
soup with ham. The Taiwanese regard this local interpretation
of the English breakfast as unique to Hong Kong. In
upscale restaurants or hotels, however, standard English
and Continental breakfasts are served.
A
typical Hong Kong cha chaan teng breakfast,
including a cup of "silk-sock" milk tea.
- Sri
Lanka. The traditional breakfast includes usually
fresh roti, pittu, string hoppers, hoppers, milk rice,
appa, green gram or bread . These are usually eaten
with sambol (coconut, maldive fish or seeni-onion
fried with chili and sugar),with jaggery, plantains
or curry (fish, meat or vegetable). Noodles and cereals
such as cornflakes are relative newcomers in main
cities. Sri Lankans also have a traditional soup-like
drink called kanda. A typical everyday breakfast
can simply consist of "brother bread" with dhal curry,
sambol, butter and cheese or jam, plantain banana
and tea.
- Taiwan.
The influx of mainland Chinese to the Taiwan
Province in 1949 after the end of the Chinese
Civil War changed breakfast habits. Breakfasts tend
to be a mix of northern and eastern Chinese dishes
and the traditional southeastern Chinese fare. This
is more pronounced in cities with high proportions
of people of mainland Han
Chinese descent, such as Taipei.
A typical Taiwan breakfast consists of you
tiao (a fried breadstick), dou jiang (a warm,
savory soybean soup), and sao bing (a crispy scallion
pancakes). The you
tiao is dipped in the dou jiang, similar to how
bread is dipped in soup.
- Thailand.
In the case of Thailand,
a variety of different foods are served for breakfast
since the country has opened to the eating cultures
from many countries. Thai-Chinese people typically
have congee/jook,
boil-rice with fishes, pickles, dried shredded pork;
dim-sum is also popular in some provinces, particularly
in the south of Thailand. During rush hours in big
cities, particularly Bangkok, people would have a
fast and simple Western style breakfast, for example,
bread, cornflakes, omelet, coffee and milk. Street
eateries in Bangkok offer a wide range of food, such
as sandwiches, grilled or fried pork with sticky rice,
noodles, rice and Thai curries. Since there are so
many kinds of food for breakfast, Thai people usually
say that they would eat whatever they want for their
breakfast.
Burma
htamin
jaw - leftover or cold rice fried with onions
and boiled peas from a streethawker is quick and
popular.
In
Burma, the traditional breakfast in town and country
alike is htamin jaw, fried rice with boiled peas
(pè byouk), and yei nway jan (green tea)
especially among the poor.
Glutinous
rice or kao hnyin is a popular alternative,
steamed wrapped in banana leaf often with peas as kao
hnyin baung served with a sprinkle of crushed and
salted toasted sesame. Equally popular is the purple
variety known as nga cheik cooked the same way
and called nga cheik paung. Si damin is
sticky rice cooked with turmeric
and onions in peanut oil and served with crushed and
salted toasted sesame and crispfried onions. Assorted
fritters such as baya jaw (urad
dal) go with all of them.
Nan
bya or naan
(Indian-style flatbreads) again with pè byouk
or simply buttered is served with Indian tea or coffee.
It also goes very well with hseiksoup (mutton
soup).
Fried
chapati,
blistered like nan bya but crispy, with pè
byouk and crispy fried onions is a popular alternative.
Htat
ta ya, lit. "a hundred layers", is flaky multilayered
fried paratha
served with either pè byouk or a sprinkle of
sugar.
Eeja
gway (Chinese-style fried breadsticks or youtiao)
with Indian tea or coffee is another favourite.
Mohinga,
perhaps the most popular of all, now available as an
"all-day breakfast" in many towns and cities, is rice
vermicelli
in fish broth kept on the boil with chickpea
flour and/or crushed toasted rice, lemon
grass, sliced banana stem, onions, garlic, ginger,
pepper and fish
paste and served with crispy fried onions, crushed
dried chilli, coriander,
fish sauce
and lime. Add fritters such as split chickpea (pè
jan jaw), urad dal (baya jaw) or gourd
(bu jaw), boiled egg and fried fish cake (nga
hpè jaw).
Another
dish, growing in popularity because of its healthier
composite and economic friendliness, is the Rakhine
Mont-de, a variant of Mohinga, but lighter.
It consists of thin rice noodles eaten with clear soup,
made from boiled ngapi
and lemon
grass. Toasted fish flakes, from snakefish and green
and red chili paste are also added, with seasoning.
Rakhine Mont-de is also called ar-pu-shar-pu
(literally "hot throat", "hot tongue") because of its
heavy use of spicy ingredients. A salad version also
exists. It is now available in many cities and towns
across Burma.
Kao hnyin baung with fried fish on
a banana leaf
|
Kao hnyin baung with baya jaw
|
Ngacheik paung with pèbyouk
(boiled peas) and toasted sesame
|
Nan bya with hseik-tha supyouk
(mutton soup)
|
Fried chapati
with mushy peas (pèbyouk)
|
Htat ta ya or flaky multilayered fried
paratha
|
|
|
China
A
typical rice porridge complete with dried minced
pork; popular breakfast fare in China.
Breakfasts
vary greatly between different regions. In northern
China breakfast fare typically includes hua-jua(n,
mántou
(steamed breads), sha-obi(ng
(unleavened pocket-bread with sesame), ba-ozi
(steamed buns with meat or vegetable stuffing), with
dòuna(i
or dòujia-ng (soy milk) or tea
served in Chinese style as beverages.
In
central and eastern China, typified by Shanghai
and the neighbouring Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces,
breakfast includes some northern as well as southern
dishes. These may be ci fan tuán, yóudoùfu fe(nsi-
(a soup made by fried tofu and
cellophane noodles);
plain rice
porridge (? ? zho-u) served with numerous
side dishes, such as salted duck eggs, pickled vegetables,
and century eggs; or sweetened
or savoury soy milk served
with sha-obi(ng or ??
? yóutiáo.
In
southeastern China, such as Fujian
province, breakfasts consist of rice porridge served
with side dishes such as pickled vegetables and century
eggs (also known as thousand-year old eggs).
Chinese
steamed eggs is a common dish served throughout
China. Vegetables,
shrimp, scallions, and tofu are commonly added and steamed
with the eggs. In southern areas, eggs are usually served
with rice
congee, but in the northern areas it is served with
mantou (Chinese
steamed buns).
In
southern China, represented by Guangdong
province, breakfasts include rice porridge prepared
to a thicker consistency than those sold in Shanghai.
Side dishes are not served. Congee
is served with yóutiáo if it is plain. In many
cases, however, congee is prepared with meats or dried
vegetables, such as beef slices, shredded salted pork
and century eggs, fish, or slices of pig's liver and
kidney. It can be served with or without yóutiáo.
Other breakfast fares include rice noodle rolls (cheong
fun) (served with hoisin sauce and soy sauce, without
fillings), fried noodles (pan fried noodles with bean
sprouts, spring onions, and soy sauce), fangao
(rice cakes), jia-nbi(ng (thin crispy omelets
with fillings folded in), lúoboga-o (turnip cakes)
and zòngzi (another kind
of rice cake wrapped in bamboo leaves). The dim
sum specialties are in a different class. Dim
sum is often eaten as brunch
at special dim sum restaurants.
India
and Bangladesh
Main
article: Indian
cuisine
In
Bengal and
Bangladesh,
breakfast may include luchi/
kochuri (stuffed luchis), puffed rice crisps
with milk, jaggery
and fruits. The luchi/kochuri are served with
a vegetable curry
or something sauteed. Semifermented rice (panta bhaath),
which has a mild pungent flavour, is also eaten, sometimes
with dal
and chilies.
In
South
India, the most popular breakfast has several possible
main dishes, such as idlis,
vadas, dosas,
uppuma
(uppittu),
savory pongal, and chapatis.
These are most often served with hot sambar
and at least one kind of chutney.
This is usually accompanied with a tumbler of filter
coffee.
In
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh especially,
rice porridge (known as congee,
kanji or ganji) is also traditional. It
is served with various condiments such as pickles, nuts,
coconut chutney or curry.
The
usual North
Indian breakfast consists of stuffed paratha
breads or unstuffed parathas (they resemble crepes)
with fresh butter, cooked tatse vegetables, especially
aloo sabzi. Puri and chholey are
also a popular breakfast, along with rajma-chawal.
The
Muslim breakfast of North India, especially Delhi and
Uttar Pradesh, consists of shermal (a heavy but very
soft sweet naan-type
bread) and taftan (slightly sweet and salty variant
of naan).
Popular
accompaniments include sweets like jalebi, halwa,
and sweetened milk. Samosas,
and a combination of jalebi with yogurt (dahi-jalebi),
comprise stand-alone breakfast items in Uttar
Pradesh and its surrounding parts. In Maharashtra,
poha,
upma, idli,
thalipit, and shira (similar to kesaribath)
is frequently eaten for breakfast.
Gujarati
breakfast items include haandvo, dhokla,
sev-khamni, theplas (a form of paratha),
bhaakhri and assorted hard and crispy masala
puris with pickles. A dip for the theplas is
also made by mixing pickle with yogurt. Tea is a staple
item in breakfast.
In
urban areas, omelettes and simple butter sandwiches
are becoming a popular breakfast food.[citation
needed]
Indonesia
A
popular Indonesian breakfast is lontong
sayur, a dish made of compressed rice with a spicy curry
sauce and cooked vegetables, typically jackfruit,
as well as mie (noodles),
deep fried redskin peanuts,
and kerupuk (prawn
crackers). Optional accompaniments include boiled
egg (sometimes in a spicy sambal)
and perkedel (deep fried potato cakes). A quantity of
the dish will be prepared prior to sale at a food
cart or warung, and will
be served at room temperature and not reheated during
sale.
In
homes, nasi
goreng is the most popular breakfast dish (unlike
lontong however, nasi goreng is also eaten for lunch
and dinner) in Indonesia (lontong, taking far more preparation,
would generally be eaten at a local warung or food cart),
and is also sold in warungs. In addition to these, Indonesians
often simply eat the leftovers from the previous evening's
dinner, such as curry, with plain rice - the high temperatures
and widespread lack of refrigeration making it prudent
to eat food while it is still relatively fresh. If lacking
such leftovers, a basic dish such as fried ikan teri
(dried fish), or some kind of fried egg, again served
with plain rice, would be common.
Japan
A
typical Japanese breakfast.
A
traditional Japanese
breakfast is based on rice,
seafood,
and fermented
foods, which do not differ substantially from dishes
eaten at other meals in Japanese
cuisine. An exception is natto-
(a type of fermented soybeans),
which is most popularly eaten for breakfast. A typical
Japanese restaurant breakfast presentation would be
miso soup,
rice with nori
or other garnishes, natto-, rice
porridge, grilled
fish, raw egg,
and a pickled vegetable. The influence of Japanese travelers
has made this traditional breakfast a standard option
on the menus of many upscale hotels worldwide. It is
common in Japanese households to include leftover items
from the last evening's dinner in the next day's breakfast.
Western breakfast foods such as toast and boiled or
fried eggs are also common, and cereals are becoming
popular. The typical breakfast beverage is green
tea (traditional).
Malaysia
and Singapore
In
Malaysia,
breakfast sometimes consists of a popular Malay
food called nasi
lemak. Other food such as roti
prata (known as roti
canai in Malaysia), kaya
toast, half boiled eggs and wonton
noodles are also among the favorites. In the Malaysian's
East Coast, glutinous
rice is eaten as breakfast. Malaysian Chinese from
the town of Klang,
which is famous for its bak
kut teh, frequently eat it for breakfast. In other
parts of Malaysia and Singapore, however, it is more
commonly eaten at other meals.
A
typical Singaporean breakfast usually consists of a
variety of food options from various cultures. Most
common are fried noodles with egg (or other side dishes
like vegetables, ham, meatballs, cheese, fish cake or
tofu), mee goreng (Malay version of fried noodles, albeit
spicier), nasi lemak, curry puffs, kueh-kueh (Malay
cakes) or sandwiches for those on the move. For those
who can afford a more leisurely breakfast, it can be
noodle soup, kway chap (flat noodles in braised soup
along with sides like tofu, peanut, pork and pig organs.),
a variety of Malay noodle soup dishes like mee soto
and mee siam. There are other local favourites like
bean curd, sweet soup like black glutinous rice porridge
anr green or red bean soup. Others may prefer toast,
cereals or an American breakfast from fast-food chains.
It is common especially among older students and working
adults to skip breakfast.
Pakistan
The
traditional breakfast in Pakistan
is usually a heavy meal. There are several dishes:
- halva
puri cholay or halva puri, for short, consists
of two separate dishes, halva,
a sweet made from semolina, and aloo cholay,
a spicy chickpea-and-potato curry eaten with puri,
a small circular deep-fried flat bread.
- Siri
paya is eaten with naan
(siri paya is a stew made of cow, goat or lamb's
brain and feet. "Siri" means the head of the
animal and "paya" its feet. It is considered
a delicacy.
- Nihari
is a stew made from beef or lamb and curry. Nihari
is also eaten with naan bread.
- Lassi
is a drink made from milk and yogurt, served in sweet,
and rarely, in salty flavor.
Otherwise,
parathas are widely eaten for breakfast; they
may be stuffed with vegetables, chicken, beef or mutton
mince or unstuffed eaten alongside fried or scrambled
eggs or aloo (potatoes). Tea is served with breakfast.
In
cities and other urban areas, eggs and toast with butter
and jam are also popular. Another breakfast popular
in urban areas in Pakistan is tea with buttered rusks
and fresh orange juice.
In
Karachi and Hyderabad, where Urdu-speaking migrants
from North India are in majority, Shermal and Taftan
are a popular breakfast item.
Philippines
Breakfast
is known in the Philippines as agahan or almusal.
Philippine breakfasts vary from moderate to very heavy,
depending on tradition. In some areas, even leftover
lechón
(roast suckling pig) is eaten with fried rice.
Rice
is a predominant staple in the Philippines. As such,
a favourite traditional breakfast has fried rice called
sinangag. Usually, this is made of leftover rice
from the previous dinner (so nothing is wasted, as well
as because this yields a firm and "tossed" texture,
which is preferred over sticky), and fried with salt
and garlic cloves. This is then combined with fried
or scrambled
eggs, and a choice of breakfast meat: beef tapa
(similar to beef jerky), pork
tocino (sweet cured pork), longganisa
(sausage), dried, smoked fish (such as tuyo), canned
sardines, sauteed corned beef, or adobo,
sometimes with Western-style baked beans, sliced tomatoes
and a local pickle (achara) on the side. Alternatively,
a cheese-topped breakfast pastry called an ensaymada
(a colonial relative of the Mallorcan ensaimada) is
also eaten, usually with hot chocolate, as is pan
de sal (Philippine breakfast roll) filled with a
buffalo milk white cheese, and local barako
coffee.
Western-style
breakfasts such as pancakes, French toast, and porridge
are also eaten at home, as are cold breakfast cereals
which are popular with children. There is also a breakfast
known as tapsilog, which is a combination of
tapa, sinangag and itlog
(egg).
Finally, there is champorado,
a local chocolate sticky rice porridge, often served
with a side dish of crisp-fried sun-dried fish (danggit
or tuyo) — an unusual, though authentically Filipino
combination.
In
the early mornings, hawkers also sell rice porridge
(lugaw/goto), and noodle soups (such as
mami, lomi, and batchoy) from stalls
to those on their way to work. Bakeries also open early
for those purchasing pandesal
to eat at home, as well as for people who eat breakfast
"on the go". Tahos
are also a popular accompaniment to breakfast, especially
with children, and these are bought from vendors who
carry them.
Vietnam
There
are multiple breakfast menu options across Vietnam,
and usually the household will buy this from vendors
rather than make it. Breakfast can be quite hearty,
depending on whether one chooses to top their meal with
a meat roll or pastries. Typical noodle breakfast dishes
in Vietnam (which are usually served with a loaf of
bread to dip in the soup) include pho
(Vietnamese beef or chicken soup based rice noodle),
hu tieu
(rice noodles in a pork based soup), bún
bò Hue^' (spicy Hue style beef soup based noodles),
bún riêu (crab soup based vermicelli
noodles) or mi
quang (prawn and pork rice noodles). Banh
cuon (crêpe-like roll made from thin, wide sheets
of rice flour filled with ground pork, minced wood ear
mushroom, and other ingredients, including meat loaves
and sauce), banh
bao (savoury meat buns or sweet bean buns), banh
mi (Vietnamese cold cut meat loaf breads), banh
mi hot ga op la (Vietnamese French bread with sunnyside-up
eggs). The term op-la is from the French oeuf
au plat (which may be served with a hot meat ball
soup)), xôi (or glutinous
rice, either savoury or sweet), boiled eggs or congee
(similar to the southern Chinese), are common breakfast
meals in Vietnam. Often, the Vietnamese will drink coffee,
tea, juice, or soy milk to complete their breakfasts.
Australia
and New Zealand
In
New Zealand and Australia,
the typical breakfast strongly resembles breakfast in
other English-speaking countries. Owing to the warm
weather in some parts of Australia,
breakfast is generally light. The light breakfast consists
of cereals,
toast, fruit,
and fruit juices,
rather than cooked items. However, people in these countries
may also enjoy a heavy breakfast with fried bacon,
eggs,
mushrooms,
sausage,
tomatoes
and toast, with tea or coffee
and juice (similar to the full English breakfast). Some
other typical meals include pancakes,
porridge,
yogurt,
and hash
browns.
In
summer, a New
Zealand breakfast will typically consist of some
variation on toast, cereal, juice and fruit. In winter,
many New
Zealanders prefer porridge or Weet-Bix
with hot milk. On special occasions, some New Zealanders
will create a full cooked breakfast after the English
tradition — generally bacon and eggs, fried tomatoes,
fried mushrooms, and toast. American-type breakfasts
(pancakes etc.) are becoming more common in New Zealand.
These are usually purchased from a restaurant for weekend
brunch.
Europe
As
a general rule, traditional breakfasts are less substantial
and less elaborate in the warmer, more southern countries
bordering the Mediterranean,
while breakfasts are traditionally larger, with a greater
variety of dishes and greater prevalence of hot dishes
in the cooler northern and central European countries.
Hotels
and other types of lodging in Europe typically include
breakfast in their rates, and in many cases, especially
in larger hotels, it is served as a buffet.
Specific items will vary from country to country, depending
on local breakfast tastes and habits. In Switzerland,
for example, cold
cuts (luncheon meats), cheese, yoghurt, prepared
fruit, butter, croissants, breads, and rolls are served.
Sometimes foods belonging to the English breakfast [eggs,
sausages, tomatoes (fresh, grilled or canned), bacon]
can occasionally be found as part of the buffet.
Continental
breakfast
Continental
breakfast is a meal based on lighter Mediterranean
breakfast traditions. It is a light meal meant to satisfy
one until lunch.
A typical continental breakfast consists of coffee and
milk (often mixed as cappuccino
or latte) or
hot chocolate with a variety of sweet cakes such as
brioche
and pastries such as croissants,
often with a sweet jam, cream, or chocolate filling.
It is often served with juice. The continental breakfast
may also include sliced cold meats, such as salami
or ham, yogurt
or cereal.
Some countries of Europe,
such as the Netherlands and those in Scandinavia, add
fruit and cheese to the bread menu and occasionally
a boiled egg or a small serving of salami.
The
continental breakfast concept is not limited to Europe
and is often served throughout the world in hotel chains.
The term itself is of British origin. "The continent"
in Britain refers to the countries of continental Europe.
A "continental breakfast" thus denotes the type of lighter
meal served in continental Europe, as opposed to the
"full" English breakfast.
Northern
Europe
- Belgium.
A typical Belgian
breakfast is like that of its northern neighbor, the
Netherlands. Belgians do not eat their most famous
food, Belgian
waffles, which are traditionally sold in tourist
areas of large cities, and are eaten as a snack. The
breakfast in Belgium consists of breads, toasted or
untoasted, with several marmalades, jams, and nut
spreads, such as Nutella
or just with a bar of chocolate. Other common toppings
include sliced meats and cheeses. Pastries and croissants
may be served on Sundays, but are mostly not eaten
on weekdays. Belgians often enjoy coffee, tea, hot
chocolate, water, or fresh juice with breakfast.
- Denmark.
A typical breakfast in Denmark
consists of cereals
or bread, bread
rolls (rundstykker) accompanied by tea
or coffee. Weekends or festive occasions may call
for Danish
pastries (wienerbrød) or a bitters,
such as Gammel
Dansk.
- Sweden.
Breakfast in Sweden is generally a sandwich made of
a large amount of different types of soft bread or
crisp
bread, cold cuts, caviar,
cheese, cottage cheese, cream cheese, goat cheese,
eggs, scrambled or boiled, tomatoes or cucumber, or
a toast with marmalade or maybe honey, juices, coffee,
hot
chocolate or tea. Breakfast
cereals or muesli
with milk, yoghurt or filmjölk,
currants and fruits are popular or warm whole-grain
porridge with milk and jam, (for example lingonberry
jam). Pâté (leverpastej)
with pickled
cucumber, blueberry-soup (blåbärssoppa)
and rose
hip soup is also possible sometimes for breakfast.
- Finland.
Breakfast usually consists of open sandwiches. The
sandwich is often buttered (with margarine), with
toppings such as hard cheese or cold cuts. Finns usually
do not have sweets on their breads such as jam (like
the French and the Americans), or chocolate (like
the Danes). Sour milk products such as yogurt or viili
are also common breakfast foods, usually served in
a bowl with cereals such as corn flakes, muesli, and
sometimes with sugar, fruit or jam. A third food that
is commonly eaten at breakfast is porridge (puuro),
often made of rolled oats, and eaten with a pat of
butter (voisilmä, lit. "butter eye") and/or with milk,
or fruit or jam, especially the sort made of raspberries
or strawberries (sometimes lingonberries). Drinks
are milk, juice, tea, or coffee.
- Scandinavia.
Breakfasts in other parts of Scandinavia
can be quite ample. Fish, cheese, eggs, bacon, hot
and cold cereals, breads, potatoes, and fruits are
all eaten in various combinations, along with juices,
coffee, and tea. or kulturmelk
(Norway), a cultured milk similar to buttermilk
or yogurt is often eaten with cereals. Whole-grain
porridges with regular milk or butter are popular.
A funny thing in the Scandinavian languages is that
the word for breakfast in Swedish
language/Norwegian
language ("frukost" = early meal) means lunch
in Danish. The Danish
language word for breakfast is "morgenmad" (=
morning meal).
- Netherlands.
The Dutch typically eat sliced bread with three choices
of toppings: dairy
products (numerous variations of cheese), a variety
of cured and sliced meats, or sweet
or semi-sweet products such as jam, peanut
butter or chocolate toppings (hagelslag
(chocolate sprinkles), chocoladevlokken (chocolate
flakes) and chocolate
spread). Some typical, but less common products
are apple syrup,
honey, stroop
(lesser known as bebogeen, a very sweet caramel topping
made from sugar
beets) and kokosbrood (a coconut product that
is served thinly sliced like sliced cheese; also known
as Cocosbread). Furthermore are breakfast cereals
or muesli popular, served with milk or yoghurt. Tea,
drip
coffee, milk, and juice are the most popular breakfast
beverages. Breakfast may also include (for instance
on Sundays) boiled eggs, raisin bread, pumpernickel,
ontbijtkoek
or croissants.
- In
Russia, with the cold climate breakfasts tend
to be substantial. Zavtrak may consist of hot
oatmeal or kasha,
eggs, cheese, cured meats or sausage, rye
breads with butter (butterbrods),
and coffee or tea.
Central
and eastern Europe
- Germany
& Austria. The typical German
breakfast consists of bread rolls, butter, jam, ham,
soft-boiled eggs and coffee. Cereals have become popular,
and regional variation is significant — cheeses, cold
cuts, meat spreads, yogurt, granola and fruit (fresh
or stewed) may appear, as well as eggs cooked to order
(usually at smaller hotels or bed-and-breakfasts).
A second
breakfast is traditional in parts of Germany,
notably Bavaria
(there also called Brotzeit, literally "bread
time").
- Hungary.
Hungarians usually have a large breakfast. It consists
of bread, bread rolls or crescent-shaped bread (kifli),
toast, pastries with different fillings (sweet and
salty as well), butter, jam or honey, eggs in different
forms (fried/scrambled/omelette, etc.), salami, cold
cuts, cheeses, hot dogs with mustard, tea, coffee
or milk. Fruit juice in the morning is not that usual,
hot drinks are more common. Hungarians sometimes have
rice pudding called tejberizs or cream of wheat
tejbegriz, usually eaten with cocoa powder
or cinnamon sugar. Lecsó made from tomatoes
and green peppers can sometimes be a breakfast meal
as well, mainly in the summer.
- Poland.
Traditional, weekend breakfast may consist of scrambled
or fried eggs, or curd cheese with herbs (twarozek),
sandwiches or "milk soup" - cereals with milk or in
some regions milk with broken bread; regional alternatives
include pancakes, salads or sandwiches with various
pastes (fish paste, egg paste, etc.) Black pudding
or sausage is sometimes eaten, usually by itself.
Modern breakfast consists of a meat, cheese or jam
sandwich, with coffee (roasted
grain beverage is still popular), tea, kefir
or soured milk, or juice as a beverage. Second
breakfast, which replaces lunch
at work, is similar or identical the actual breakfast.
- Romania.
The traditional Romanian breakfast consists of bread,
cold plates such as mortadella and cheese, feta cheese,
cucumber, tomatoes and eggs prepared as an omelette
or sunny side up. Also, black coffee or tea usually
are served. In addition, natural juice or yogurt are
always[citation
needed] taken in as an option.
- Switzerland.
Swiss
breakfasts are often similar to those eaten in neighboring
countries. A notable breakfast food of Swiss origin,
now found throughout Europe, is muesli.
Southern
Europe
Typical
Italian drink for breakfast.
Typical
breakfast from Balkans
- France.
In France a typical domestic
breakfast will consist of cups of coffee, often café
au lait, or hot chocolate,
usually served in big bowls, accompanied by a glass
of orange or grapefruit juice. The main food consists
of sweet products such as tartines (slices
of baguette or other breads
spread with butter, jam or chocolate paste), sometimes
dunked in the hot drink. Brioches and other pastries
such as croissants,
pains au chocolat and pains aux raisins
are also traditional. Other products such as breakfast
cereals, fruit compote, fromage blanc, and yogurt
are becoming increasingly common as part of the meal.
A typical French breakfast does not include any savory
product.
- Greece.
Various kinds of pastry constitute the traditional
Greek breakfast. Tyropita,
spanakopita, and bougatsa
(particularly in Northern Greece) are eaten, usually
accompanied with Greek
coffee. Simpler breakfasts include honey, marmalade
or nutella cream (as well
a Greek variation thereof, Merenda) spread
over slices of bread. Children typically drink chocolate
or plain milk.
- Serbia,
Bulgaria, Bosnia, Montenegro, Macedonia. Breakfast
usually consists of various kinds of savory or sweet
pastry, with cheese, meat or jam filling. The most
typical breakfast consists of two slices of burek
and a glass of ayran. Breakfast
also often consists of open sandwiches. The sandwich
is buttered (with margarine), with toppings such as
prosciutto and yellow cheese.
- Turkey
In Turkey, breakfast consists
of fresh white sourdough bread, white cheese (feta),
yellow cheese (kas,ar), fresh tomatoes, cucumbers,
black and/or green olives, butter,
honey, clotted water buffalo cream (kaymak)
preserves,
soujouk,
salami, pastirma
and a boiled egg — all accompanied by hot black
tea in small tulip-shaped glasses. Breakfasts
can be very elaborate for company or on weekends,
and may include a variety of breads, pastries, and
spreads, and several fresh fruits and vegetables in
season, but the essential breakfast ingredients for
almost every Turk on a daily basis are bread, cheese,
olives, and tea.
- Italy.
The traditional breakfast in Italy
is simply Caffè
e latte (hot coffee with milk) with bread or rolls,
butter, and jam — known as prima colazione
or just colazione. Fette biscottate
(a cookie-like hard bread often eaten with butter
and jam) and biscotti (cookies)
are commonly eaten. Children drink hot chocolate,
plain milk, or hot milk with very little coffee. If
breakfast is eaten in a bar (coffee shop),
it is composed of cappuccino e brioche (frothed
hot milk with coffee, and a pastry). It is very common
for Italians to have a quick breakfast snack during
the morning (typically a panino, or bread roll).
- Malta.
On the island of Malta breakfast
is similar to that of Britain. Usually the Maltese
start their day with a bowl of cereal mixed with milk,
or with a cup of either coffee or tea. Toasted bread
with butter, marmalade/jams or even nutella is also
very common.Today cereal bars are becoming also a
common type of breakfast on the island. The traditional
English breakfast with eggs, sausages and fried bacon
is also popular in Malta especially
during the weekend.
- Spain.
The Spanish word for "breakfast", "desayuno", means
"de-fast", breaking the fast. In French,"déjeuner"
is "lunch", and "breakfast" is known as "petit déjeuner"
or "déjeuner du matin". In Central Spain
the traditional breakfast is chocolate con churros
— hot chocolate with Spanish-style fritters, which
are extruded sticks of doughnut-like
dough with a star-shaped profile. The chocolate drink
is made very thick and sweet. In Madrid,
churros are somewhat smaller and shaped like
a charity ribbon. This meal is normally served in
cafeterias. In the South and West it is more common
to have a cup of coffee (usually with milk) and a
toast with a choice of olive
oil and salt, tomato and
olive oil, butter, jam, pâté,
jamón serrano (cured ham), and other options
like sobrasada (a raw cured spiced sausage
that is easy to spread), and in Andalucia,
pringá. Freshly squeezed
orange juice is widely available in most places as
an alternative for coffee. The breakfast is not often
larger than these two items, because usually in late
morning there is a break known as almuerzo
when there is a snack. Sometimes, toast is replaced
with galletas (a type of cookies made with
flour, sugar, oil and vanilla flavour), magdalenas
(a Spanish version of the French madeleine
made with oil instead of butter) or buns.
- Portugal.
A Portuguese pequeno-almoço
comes in two varieties: one eaten running to work
and another, more time-consuming one, more common
on the weekends. When rushed in the morning, a cup
of yogurt, milk, coffee or both and some bread with
butter, cheese or jam suffices. Given the time, additions
include orange juice, croissants, different kinds
of pastry, and/or cereal.
ABOUT
SAN CLEMENTE
San Clemente is a city in Orange County, California,
United States. As of 2005, the city population was 65,338.
Located six miles south of San Juan Capistrano at the
southern tip of the county, it is roughly equidistant
from San Diego and Los Angeles. The north entrance to
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (known as the "Christianitos
Gate") is located in San Clemente.
HISTORY
Prior to the arrival of the Spanish, the area was inhabited
by what came to be known as the Juaneño Indians. After
the founding of Mission San Juan Capistrano, the local
natives were conscripted to work for the mission. The
city of San Clemente was founded in 1925 by real estate
developer (and former mayor of Seattle) Ole Hanson who
named it San Clemente after a town in Spain. As it were,
San Clemente Island was named after the city later since
it is directly west of the coast. Hanson envisioned
it as a Spanish-style coastal resort town, a "Spanish
Village by the Sea." In an unprecedented move, he had
a clause added to the deeds requiring all building plans
to be submitted to an architectural review board in
an effort to ensure that future development would retain
some Spanish-style influence (for example, for many
years it was required that all new buildings in the
downtown area have red tile roofs). It was incorporated
in 1928 with a council-manager government.
Nixon's "Western White House" In 1968 President
Richard Nixon bought the H. H. Cotton estate, one of
the original homes built by one of Hanson's partners.
Nixon called it "La Casa Pacifica," but it was nicknamed
the "Western White House", a term now commonly used
for a President's vacation home. It sits above one of
the West Coast's premier surfing spots, Trestles, and
just north of historic surfing beach San Onofre. During
Nixon's tenure it was visited by many world leaders
, including Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev, Mexican
President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Japanese Prime Minister
Eisaku Sato, and Henry Kissinger, as well as businessman
Bebe Rebozo. Following his resignation, Nixon retired
to San Clemente to write his memoirs. He later sold
the home and moved to Park Ridge, New Jersey. The property
also has historical tie to the democratic side of the
aisle; prior to Nixon's tenure at the estate, H.H. Cotton
was known to host Franklin D. Roosevelt, who would visit
to play cards in a small outbuilding overlooking the
Pacific Ocean.
Surfing legacy San Clemente catches swells all
year long. Going from South to North, they include Trestles
(technically just south of the city line), North Gate,
State Park, Riviera, Lasuen, The Hole, Beach House,
T-Street, The Pier, 204, North Beach, and Poche. San
Clemente is also the surfing media capital of the world
as well as a premier surfing destination. It is home
to Surfing Magazine, The Surfer's Journal, and Longboard
Magazine, with Surfer Magazine just up the freeway in
San Juan Capistrano. The city has a large concentration
of surfboard shapers and manufacturers. Additionally,
many world renowned surfers were raised in San Clemente
or took up long-term residence in town, including Hobie
Alter, Jr., Shane Beschen, Gavin Beschen, Matt Archbold,
Christian Fletcher, Mike Parsons (originally from Laguna
Beach), Colin McPhillips, Rocky Sabo, Colleen Mehlberg,
Greg Long, Dino Andino, Chris Ward, and many, many others.
San Clemente High School has won 6 out of 7 most recent
NSSA national surfing titles.
Education
The city is served by Capistrano Unified School District.
Within the city, there are 5 elementary schools, 3 middle
schools, and 1 high school. Elementary Schools: Concordia
Elementary, Truman Benedict, Vista Del Mar, Las Palmas,
and Lobo Elementary. Middle Schools: Bernice Ayer, Shorecliffs,
and Vista Del Mar. High Schools: San Clemente High San
Clemente High School is the only high school in San
Clemente. Ranked in the top 1.3% of schools nationwide,
San Clemente also has an IB (International Baccalaureate)
Program, a vast number of AP Courses. The music program
also boasts a nationally recognized Vocal Arts Program
with award-winning Madrigals, Women's Ensemble, and
A Cappella choirs. San Clemente's IB students rank in
the top 3% of the World for their IB scores and the
program has expanded vastly in the past few years under
the direction of Patrick Harris and Kathleen Sigafoos,
the IB Coordinators of the School.
* City of San
Clemente official website
* The
San Clemente Sun Post News, the town's oldest newspaper
* San Clemente
Times community newspaper
ABOUT
ORANGE COUNTY
Orange County is a county in Southern California, United
States. Its county seat is Santa Ana. According to the
2000 Census, its population was 2,846,289, making it
the second most populous county in the state of California,
and the fifth most populous in the United States. The
state of California estimates its population as of 2007
to be 3,098,121 people, dropping its rank to third,
behind San Diego County. Thirty-four incorporated cities
are located in Orange County; the newest is Aliso Viejo.
Unlike many other large centers of population in the
United States, Orange County uses its county name as
its source of identification whereas other places in
the country are identified by the large city that is
closest to them. This is because there is no defined
center to Orange County like there is in other areas
which have one distinct large city. Five Orange County
cities have populations exceeding 170,000 while no cities
in the county have populations surpassing 360,000. Seven
of these cities are among the 200 largest cities in
the United States.
Orange County is also famous as a tourist destination,
as the county is home to such attractions as Disneyland
and Knott's Berry Farm, as well as sandy beaches for
swimming and surfing, yacht harbors for sailing and
pleasure boating, and extensive area devoted to parks
and open space for golf, tennis, hiking, kayaking, cycling,
skateboarding, and other outdoor recreation. It is at
the center of Southern California's Tech Coast, with
Irvine being the primary business hub.
The average price of a home in Orange County is $541,000.
Orange County is the home of a vast number of major
industries and service organizations. As an integral
part of the second largest market in America, this highly
diversified region has become a Mecca for talented individuals
in virtually every field imaginable. Indeed the colorful
pageant of human history continues to unfold here; for
perhaps in no other place on earth is there an environment
more conducive to innovative thinking, creativity and
growth than this exciting, sun bathed valley stretching
between the mountains and the sea in Orange County.
Orange County was Created March 11 1889, from part of
Los Angeles County, and, according to tradition, so
named because of the flourishing orange culture. Orange,
however, was and is a commonplace name in the United
States, used originally in honor of the Prince of Orange,
son-in-law of King George II of England.
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Incorporated:
March 11, 1889
Legislative Districts:
* Congressional: 38th-40th, 42nd & 43
* California Senate: 31st-33rd, 35th & 37
* California Assembly: 58th, 64th, 67th, 69th, 72nd
& 74
County Seat: Santa Ana
County Information:
Robert E. Thomas Hall of Administration
10 Civic Center Plaza, 3rd Floor, Santa Ana 92701
Telephone: (714)834-2345 Fax: (714)834-3098
County Government Website: http://www.oc.ca.gov |
CITIES OF ORANGE COUNTY CALIFORNIA:
Noteworthy
communities Some of the communities that exist
within city limits are listed below:
* Anaheim Hills, Anaheim * Balboa Island, Newport
Beach * Corona del Mar, Newport Beach * Crystal
Cove/Pelican Hill, Newport Beach * Capistrano
Beach, Dana Point * El Modena, Orange * French
Park, Santa Ana * Floral Park, Santa Ana * Foothill
Ranch, Lake Forest * Monarch Beach, Dana Point
* Nellie Gail, Laguna Hills * Northwood, Irvine
* Woodbridge, Irvine * Newport Coast, Newport
Beach * Olive, Orange * Portola Hills, Lake Forest
* San Joaquin Hills, Laguna Niguel * San Joaquin
Hills, Newport Beach * Santa Ana Heights, Newport
Beach * Tustin Ranch, Tustin * Talega, San Clemente
* West Garden Grove, Garden Grove * Yorba Hills,
Yorba Linda * Mesa Verde, Costa Mesa
Unincorporated communities These communities
are outside of the city limits in unincorporated
county territory: * Coto de Caza * El Modena
* Ladera Ranch * Las Flores * Midway City * Orange
Park Acres * Rossmoor * Silverado Canyon * Sunset
Beach * Surfside * Trabuco Canyon * Tustin Foothills
Adjacent counties to Orange County Are:
* Los Angeles County, California - north, west
* San Bernardino County, California - northeast
* Riverside County, California - east * San Diego
County, California - southeast
Orange
County is home to many colleges and universities,
including: |
ABOUT
CAMP PENDLETON
Marine
Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast
base of the United States Marine Corps and serves
as its prime amphibious training base. It is located
in Southern California between the cities of Oceanside
and San Clemente. The base was established in 1942
to train U.S. Marines for service in World War II.
It is named after Marine General Joseph Henry Pendleton,
who long advocated setting up a West Coast training
base for the Marine Corps. Today it is the home
to a myriad of Fleet Marine Force units including
the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force and various training
commands.

The
base's diverse geography, spanning over 125,000
acres (506 km²), plays host to year round training
for Marines in addition to all other branches of
the U.S. military. Amphibious and sea-to-shore training
takes place at several key points along the base's
17 miles (27 km) of coastline. The main base is
in the Mainside Complex, at the southeastern end
of the base, and the remote northern interior is
an impact area. Daytime population is around 100,000.
Recruits from nearby Marine Corps Recruit Depot,
San Diego spend a month on Pendleton's Edson Range
receiving field training, and after graduating from
boot camp return to the base's School of Infantry
for further training. Camp Pendleton remains the
last major undeveloped portion of the Southern California
coastline, save for a few small state parks. In
this way, it acts as a kind of buffer between Orange
County, which is generally considered part of the
Greater Los Angeles Area, and San Diego County,
which generally is not.
Camp Pendleton is located in Oceanside which is
the third largest city in San Diego County, California.
The city has a population of 173,303. Together with
Vista and Carlsbad, it makes up the Tri-City area.
The city is just south of U.S. Marine Corps Base
Camp Pendleton, the busiest military base in the
United States. Oceanside has grown massively from
the 1970 census report of 45,000 people. Much of
the city area was developed into single-family home
tracts when real estate booms took place in the
1970s and 1980s. Since 1990, more commercial and
industrial development diversified Oceanside's economic
base, with another population boom ever since. According
to the US census, Oceanside's continual growth will
put the city population estimates above the 200,000
mark in 2010 or exceed 250,000 by the year |
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